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Sir Ernest Marsden (19 February 1889 – 15 December 1970) was an English-New Zealand physicist. He is recognised internationally for his contributions to science while working under Ernest Rutherford, which led to the discovery of new theories on the structure of the atom. In Marsden's later work in New Zealand, he became a significant member of the scientific community, while maintaining close links to the United Kingdom. ==Education== Born in East Lancashire, Marsden lived in Rishton and attended Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Blackburn, where an inter-house trophy rewarding academic excellence ('The Marsden Merit Trophy') bears his name. In 1909, as a 20-year-old student at the University of Manchester, he met and began work under Ernest Rutherford.〔Rebecca Priestley, 'Ernest Marsden, 18889-1970', in Veronika Meduna and Rebecca Priestley (eds.), Atoms, Dinosaurs and DNA:68 Great New Zealand Scientists (Random House New Zealand: Auckland, 2008), pp.54-55〕 While still an undergraduate he conducted the famous Geiger–Marsden experiment, called the gold foil experiment, together with Hans Geiger under Rutherford's supervision. This experiment led to Rutherford's new theory for the structure of the atom, with a centralised concentration of mass and positive charge surrounded by empty space and a sea of orbiting negatively charged electrons.〔Rebecca Priestley, 'Ernest Marsden's Nuclear New Zealand: From Nuclear Reactors to Nuclear Disarmament', Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, Vol.139, 2006, p.24〕 Rutherford later described this as "almost as incredible as if you fired a 15-inch shell at a piece of tissue paper and it came back to hit you".〔Ernest Rutherford, 'The Development of the Theory of Atomic Structure', in Joseph Needham and Walter Pagel, Background to Modern Science (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1938), p.68〕 The apparatus used in the experiment was an early version of what was to become the Geiger counter.〔Heilbron, John L (2003) (''Ernest Rutherford and the Explosion of Atoms'' ) p.59, Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195123784.〕 In 1915 he moved to Victoria University College in Wellington, New Zealand to replace Thomas Laby as Professor of Physics; Rutherford recommended his appointment there. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ernest Marsden」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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